If you are a Class 12 student preparing for CBSE exams, then having concise, chapter-wise Class 12 Chemistry notes is a must. Chemistry is a scoring subject, but only when concepts are crystal clear and revision is done systematically. That’s why we bring you free, chapter-wise Class 12 Chemistry Notes designed as per the latest CBSE syllabus 2025-26.
| S.no | Chapter Name | Pdf Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Solutions | Click to See |
| 2 | Electrochemistry | Click to See |
| 3 | Chemical Kinetics | Click to See |
| 4 | d & f Block Elements | Click to See |
| 5 | Coordination Compounds | Click to See |
| 6 | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Click to See |
| 7 | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | Click to See |
| 8 | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Click to See |
| 9 | Amines | Click to See |
| 10 | Biomolecules | Click to See |
Based on the updated CBSE curriculum for 2025-26, here is a short, chapter-wise overview of Class 12 Chemistry, including the marks distribution. The total theory paper is worth 70 marks.
⭐ Class 12 Chemistry Exam Pattern + Chapter-wise Weightage (CBSE 2025)
1. Theory Exam Pattern (70 Marks)
| Section | Question Type | No. of Questions | Marks per Q | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | MCQs | 16 | 1 | 16 |
| B | Very Short Answer (VSA) | 5 | 2 | 10 |
| C | Short Answer (SA) | 7 | 3 | 21 |
| D | Long Answer (LA) | 3 | 5 | 15 |
| E | Case-based Questions | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| — | TOTAL | — | — | 70 Marks |
2. Chapter-wise Weightage (Short & Clean Table)
(As per latest CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025)
| Unit No. | Unit / Chapter Name | Weightage (Marks) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Solid State | 4 |
| 2 | Solutions | 7 |
| 3 | Electrochemistry | 9 |
| 4 | Chemical Kinetics | 7 |
| 5 | Surface Chemistry | 5 |
| 6 | General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements | 3 |
| 7 | p-Block Elements | 7 |
| 8 | d- & f-Block Elements | 7 |
| 9 | Coordination Compounds | 7 |
| 10 | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | 6 |
| 11 | Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers | 6 |
| 12 | Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids | 8 |
| 13 | Amines | 6 |
| 14 | Biomolecules | 7 |
| 15 | Polymers | 4 |
| 16 | Chemistry in Everyday Life | 4 |
| — | TOTAL | 70 Marks |
3. Practical Exam Pattern (30 Marks)
| Component | Marks |
|---|---|
| Volumetric Analysis | 8 |
| Salt / Qualitative Analysis | 8 |
| Content-based Experiment | 6 |
| Practical File | 4 |
| Viva Voce | 4 |
| Total | 30 Marks |
🧪 Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus (Theory – 70 Marks)
| S. No. | Unit Name | Marks | Key Areas Covered (Summary) |
| I | Solutions | 7 | Types of solutions, expressing concentration, Raoult’s Law, ideal & non-ideal solutions, and Colligative Properties (Relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure). |
| II | Electrochemistry | 9 | Electrochemical cells, Galvanic cells, Nernst equation, conductance in electrolytic solutions, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis, batteries (primary, secondary), and fuel cells. |
| III | Chemical Kinetics | 7 | Rate of a reaction, factors affecting rate (concentration, temperature, catalyst), order and molecularity, integrated rate equations (zero and first order), half-life, and Arrhenius equation. |
| IV | d and f Block Elements | 7 | General characteristics of transition elements, electronic configuration, oxidation states, colour, magnetic properties, and comparison of Lanthanoids and Actinoids. |
| V | Coordination Compounds | 7 | IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, Werner’s theory, Valence Bond Theory (VBT), and Crystal Field Theory (CFT). |
| VI | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | 6 | Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions. |
| VII | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | 6 | Nomenclature, preparation, properties, identification of alcohols, acidic nature of phenols, and uses. |
| VIII | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | 8 | Nomenclature, preparation, nature of carbonyl group, nucleophilic addition, and acidic nature of carboxylic acids. |
| IX | Amines | 6 | Nomenclature, classification, structure, preparation, properties, identification, and Diazonium salts. |
| X | Biomolecules | 7 | Carbohydrates (Classification, structure of glucose and fructose, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides), Proteins (amino acids, peptide bond, structure, denaturation), and Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA). |
| Total | 70 |
🔬 Practical Syllabus (30 Marks)
The practical component covers several areas with a total of 30 marks:
- Volumetric Analysis: 8 Marks
- Salt Analysis (Qualitative Analysis): 8 Marks
- Content-Based Experiment: 6 Marks
- Project Work and Viva: 4 Marks
- Class record and Viva: 4 Marks
Key experiments include Volumetric Analysis (titration against a standard solution of $\text{KMnO}_4$), Qualitative Analysis (testing for specific cations and anions), Surface Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, and Tests for Functional Groups in Organic Compounds.
The best Class 12 Chemistry reference books for CBSE preparation provide in-depth conceptual clarity, extensive practice questions, and alignment with the latest syllabus.
While the NCERT Chemistry Textbooks (Part I & Part II) are mandatory and essential for foundation, reference books are crucial for deep understanding, practicing board-style questions, and mastering numerical problems.
📚 Top Recommended Reference Books for Class 12 Chemistry
| Category | Book Name (Volume I & II) | Author/Publisher | Key Benefit |
| Conceptual Clarity | Pradeep’s New Course Chemistry | S.C. Kheterpal, S.N. Dhawan, P.N. Kapil | Provides exhaustive theory, topic-wise examples, and detailed explanations of concepts, making it excellent for boards. |
| Conceptual Clarity | Modern’s ABC of Chemistry | S.P. Jauhar | Known for its comprehensive and student-friendly approach, especially good for clarifying complex topics with ample diagrams. |
| Physical Chemistry (Numericals) | Modern Approach to Chemical Calculations | R.C. Mukerjee | Highly recommended for practicing a wide variety of numerical problems, particularly for chapters like Solutions, Electrochemistry, and Chemical Kinetics. |
| Inorganic Chemistry | Concise Inorganic Chemistry | J. D. Lee | An advanced, detailed reference that helps in strengthening the theoretical foundation for transition elements and coordination compounds. |
📝 Practice & Exam Preparation Books
For mastering the exam pattern, practicing board-specific questions, and quick revision, these resources are invaluable:
| Focus Area | Book Type | Recommended Publishers | Purpose |
| Board Practice | Question Banks / Xam Idea | Oswaal, Arihant, MTG, Xam Idea | Chapter-wise and Topic-wise questions, including HOTS, Very Short/Short/Long Answer Types, and case-based questions, all aligned with the CBSE pattern. |
| Previous Years’ Papers | Chapterwise Solved Papers | Arihant, Oswaal, Educart | Contains a collection of fully solved questions from previous CBSE board examinations, arranged chapter-wise for focused practice. |
| NCERT Practice | NCERT Exemplar Problems – Solutions | NCERT/Arihant | Contains challenging, higher-order thinking problems provided by NCERT, which are essential for competitive exams and a deeper understanding. |
📚 Short FAQ on CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Preparation
Q1. Which chapters carry the highest marks (highest weightage)?
The chapters with the highest weightage are typically Electrochemistry (9 marks), Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids (8 marks), and Solutions, Chemical Kinetics, d- and f-Block Elements, Coordination Compounds, and Biomolecules, each usually carrying 7 marks in the 70-mark theory paper. Focusing on these ensures maximum marks return for your study time.
Q2. Which are the most challenging chapters that require extra focus?
Students commonly find the following chapters most challenging due to their conceptual depth and mathematical application:
- Electrochemistry: Requires mastering the Nernst Equation, calculating cell EMF, and understanding conductance concepts like Kohlrausch’s Law.
- Chemical Kinetics: Focuses on derivations and numerical problems based on the Integrated Rate Equations (zero and first order) and the Arrhenius equation.
- Coordination Compounds: The challenge lies in nomenclature (IUPAC), isomerism, and understanding bonding theories like VBT and CFT.
- Organic Chemistry (specifically Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids): This requires memorising numerous Named Reactions, mechanisms, and reagents for conversions and distinguishing tests.
Q3. What is the best strategy for mastering Organic Chemistry?
The key to mastering Organic Chemistry is writing and repetition, rather than just reading.
- Understand Mechanisms: Don’t just memorise; understand the mechanism (the step-by-step process, like nucleophilic attack) for key reactions.
- Create Reaction Maps: Make flowcharts showing how one functional group can be converted to another (e.g., Alcohol $\to$ Aldehyde $\to$ Carboxylic Acid).
- Compile Named Reactions: Keep a single list of all Named Reactions (e.g., Williamson’s Synthesis, Sandmeyer Reaction) with their reactants, reagents, and products.
- Practice Conversions: Practice solving 15–20 conversion problems daily.
Q4. How important is the NCERT textbook?
The NCERT textbook is absolutely essential and must be your primary resource. Most board questions, including direct theory, reasoning questions, and numerical problems, are lifted directly from NCERT exercises, in-text examples, and chapter content. You must ensure all NCERT questions are solved and definitions are learned exactly as written in the book.
Q5. How should I prepare for numerical problems?
Numericals primarily come from Solutions, Electrochemistry, and Chemical Kinetics.
- Formula Sheet: Create a single-page formula sheet containing every formula (e.g., $\frac{P^{\circ}-P_s}{P^{\circ}}=x_2$, $E_{\text{cell}} = E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}} – \frac{0.0591}{n} \log Q$).
- Unit Practice: Always write the formula and the correct units in your steps.
- Practice Types: Practice at least 10–15 problems of each type (e.g., colligative properties, Nernst equation, first-order half-life) to build speed and accuracy.