Science is one of the most important subjects in Class 10, bridging into higher secondary streams and competitive exams. With the updated CBSE curriculum (aligned with NEP 2020 reforms), it is vital that students not only memorize facts—but deeply understand concepts, apply them, and develop critical thinking. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science continue to be a foundational resource in this journey, offering clear, step-by-step answers to textbook questions.
| S.no | Chapter Name | Solutions Pdf |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chemical Reactions And Equations | Click to See |
| 2 | Acids, Bases & Salts | Click to See |
| 3 | Metals and Non Metals | Click to See |
| 4 | Carbon and Its Compounds | Click to See |
| 5 | Life Processes | Click to See |
| 6 | Control and Coordination | Click to See |
| 7 | How to Organisms Reproduce | Click to See |
| 8 | Heredity and Evolution | Click to See |
| 9 | Light – Reflection and Refraction | Click to See |
| 10 | The Human Eye and The Colorful World | Click to See |
| 11 | Electricity | Click to See |
| 12 | Magnetic Effects of Electric Current | Click to See |
| 13 | Our Environment | Click to See |
Chapter Overview as per Latest CBSE Syllabus
The Class 10 Science syllabus is divided into five units, covering the major domains of Chemistry, Biology, Physics, and Environmental Science
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Tentative Weightage (Marks) | Chapters Covered & Key Topics |
| I | Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour (Chemistry) | 25 Marks | Chemical Reactions and Equations: Types of reactions (combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, redox), balancing equations, corrosion, and rancidity. |
| Acids, Bases, and Salts: Definitions (H⁺/OH⁻ ions), properties, pH scale importance, and preparation/uses of common compounds (NaOH, Bleaching Powder, Baking Soda, etc.). | |||
| Metals and Non-Metals: Physical/chemical properties, reactivity series, formation of ionic compounds, metallurgy, corrosion. | |||
| Carbon and its Compounds: Covalent bonding, versatile nature of carbon, hydrocarbons, homologous series, functional groups, nomenclature, chemical properties (combustion, oxidation, addition, substitution), Ethanol, and Ethanoic acid. | |||
| II | World of Living (Biology) | 25 Marks | Life Processes: Nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion in plants and animals. |
| Control and Coordination: Tropic movements in plants, plant hormones, animal nervous system, reflex action, and animal hormones. | |||
| How do Organisms Reproduce?: Asexual and sexual reproduction in plants/animals, reproductive health, and family planning. | |||
| Heredity: Mendel’s contribution, laws for inheritance of traits, and sex determination. | |||
| III | Natural Phenomena (Physics) | 12 Marks | Light – Reflection and Refraction: Laws of reflection/refraction, spherical mirrors/lenses, image formation, mirror/lens formula (no derivation), magnification, and power of a lens. |
| The Human Eye and the Colourful World: Functioning of the human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, and applications of mirrors/lenses. | |||
| IV | Effects of Current (Physics) | 13 Marks | Electricity: Electric current, potential difference, Ohm’s law, resistance, resistivity, series/parallel combinations, heating effect, and electric power. |
| Magnetic Effects of Electric Current: Magnetic field/field lines, field due to current-carrying conductors/solenoid, force on a conductor, Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule, DC/AC. | |||
| V | Natural Resources (Environmental Science) | 5 Marks | Our Environment: Ecosystem, environmental problems, ozone depletion, waste production, and biodegradable/non-biodegradable substances. |
Science Annual Examination Pattern (Class 10)
The total marks for the Class 10 Science final assessment is 100 marks, split into an 80-mark Theory Paper and 20 marks for Internal Assessment.
A. Theory Paper (80 Marks, 3 Hours)
The theory paper will consist of questions ranging from objective types to long answers, with a significant emphasis on competency-based questions (approximately 50% of the paper).
| Section | Type of Questions | Marks per Question | Total Marks | Focus & Format |
| A | Objective Type (MCQs, Assertion-Reason) | 1 | 20 | 20 questions, mainly MCQs and Assertion-Reasoning. |
| B | Very Short Answer (VSA) | 2 | 12 | 6 questions, up to ~40 words each. |
| C | Short Answer (SA) | 3 | 21 | 7 questions, up to ~60 words each. |
| D | Long Answer (LA) | 5 | 15 | 3 questions, up to ~120 words each. |
| E | Case Study-Based Questions | 4 | 12 | 3 case studies, each with sub-parts. These are competency-based questions. |
| Total | 80 | Internal choice will be provided in some questions across different sections. |
B. Internal Assessment (20 Marks)
The Internal Assessment is handled at the school level and is designed to assess your practical skills and overall academic engagement throughout the year.
| Component | Marks |
| Periodic Assessment (Pen-paper tests, Multiple Assessments) | 10 |
| Subject Enrichment Activities (Practical Work/Lab Activities) | 5 |
| Portfolio (Classwork, Project Work, Achievements) | 5 |
| Total | 20 |
Top Tips for Preparation
- NCERT is Your Bible: Thoroughly study the NCERT textbook, including all the in-text questions and exercises.
- Practice Numericals: Physics chapters like Light and Electricity require dedicated practice of numerical problems and derivation-free formulas.
- Master Diagrams: Biology chapters (Life Processes, Reproduction) require accurately drawn and labeled diagrams. Practice ray diagrams in Physics.
- Focus on Competency: Prepare for the Case Study questions by understanding the practical applications of concepts
How to Use NCERT Solutions Effectively for Board Preparation
NCERT Solutions are often the single-most trusted resource for Class 10 Science students. But using them smartly makes a big difference. Here are some strategies:
- Start with NCERT Textbook
Read the theory in the NCERT book thoroughly. Understand definitions, diagrams, and worked examples. - Attempt In-text & Exercise Questions Yourself
Before referring to solutions, try to solve every question (in-text and exercise) on your own. This builds understanding. - Refer to NCERT Solution for Clarity / Method
Use the solutions to compare your approach, check step-by-step reasoning, and correct your mistakes. - Make Notes / Formula Sheet
Maintain a separate notebook (or digital doc) of key definitions, reactions, formulas, and diagrams (labelled). Use NCERT Solutions to confirm accuracy. - Do Extra Questions / QBs / Sample Papers
Beyond NCERT, practice CBSE sample papers, past years’ questions, and exemplar problems. Many tough questions are variants of NCERT exercise ones. The new pattern also has case-based / source-based questions which are often aligned with NCERT’s “application” questions. - Time-bound Revision
Closer to the exam, solve entire previous papers (80-mark theory) in exam conditions using NCERT + sample papers. - Clarify Doubts / Seek Help
If any NCERT Solution step doesn’t make sense, discuss with teachers or peers. Sometimes, alternate solution paths exist—understanding them strengthens your concept. - Focus on Competencies
Since 50% questions are competency-based, practice reasoning, interpreting data, case analysis, and applying concepts in new contexts.
📌 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) — Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions
1. What is the latest syllabus for Class 10 Science ?
The updated CBSE syllabus focuses on key concepts in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Environment. Removed chapters include “Periodic Classification of Elements” and “Sources of Energy”. The syllabus includes 13 chapters divided into 5 units: Chemical Substances, World of Living, Natural Phenomena, Effects of Current, and Environment.
2. Are NCERT Solutions enough for scoring 90+ in Class 10 Science?
Yes ✅. Most CBSE board questions are directly based on NCERT textbook and exemplar problems. If you thoroughly understand all concepts and solve all exercise questions (with solutions for reference), you can easily score high.
3. How many chapters are there in Class 10 Science?
There are 13 chapters in the latest syllabus. Some chapters from older editions have been removed to make the syllabus more competency-based.
4. What is the CBSE Class 10 Science exam pattern for 2025–26?
- Theory Paper: 80 Marks (3 hours)
- Internal Assessment: 20 Marks
- 50% of the paper is competency-based, including MCQs, case-based, and assertion–reasoning questions.
- Remaining 50% is short and long answer type.
5. Are competency-based questions new in Class 10 Science?
Yes. CBSE has increased the weightage of competency and application-based questions to 50%, making exams more conceptual and less rote-based. These often come as case-based, assertion-reasoning, and MCQs.